Which condition is commonly associated with increased intraocular pressure?

Glaucoma is a condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP), which can lead to damage of the optic nerve and potential vision loss if left untreated. This elevated pressure occurs when the aqueous humor, the fluid in the front part of the eye, does not drain properly. The connection between glaucoma and increased IOP is significant; while not all people with high IOP develop glaucoma, and not all glaucoma patients have high IOP, the condition is generally recognized as a major risk factor.

Cataracts, macular degeneration, and refractive errors do not typically involve increased intraocular pressure as a defining feature. Cataracts refer to clouding of the lens that affects vision but does not involve pressure issues. Macular degeneration pertains to the deterioration of the retina specifically affecting central vision and is unrelated to IOP. Refractive error refers to common vision issues related to the shape of the eye affecting focus and is also not associated with increased intraocular pressure. Therefore, the unique association of elevated IOP with glaucoma highlights its critical importance in the study and understanding of ocular health.